Review on the epidemiology of Bovine Rotavirus and its public health significance

A literature review was made to assess the epidemiology, public health importance, diagnostic and control methods of bovine rotavirus. Rotavirus is genus name under family Reoviridae which characterized by segmented genome. The emergence new serotypes virus related nature viral genome allows reassortment during mixed infections. rotavirus consists 11 double-stranded RNA gene segments encoding 6 nonstructural (NSP1–6) structural (VP1–4, VP6–VP7) proteins. a zoonotic disease in children less than five years old, human reported be most common cause gastritis. In animals, infection usually affects calves within four weeks age, causing huge economic losses due death, reduction weight gain treatment costs. Bovine rotaviruses are globally distributed cattle strains have been classified into 12 G types P among them G6, G8 G10, [1], [5] [11] commonly prevalent strains. However, presence 14 type 17 from different surveillance studies worldwide. Among these, combinations G1P [8], G2P [4], G3P G4P G9P [8] G12P responsible for majority diseases. primarily transmitted fecal-oral route or direct contact. excreta infected animals humans, contaminated food; water, pasture air potential source both animal rotaviruses. Age, seasonal pattern, strain diversity, poor herd management housing system, host nutritional immunological factors important risk associated with occurrences. widely used detection antibody Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) immune-chromatography while rotavirus/antigen identified Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). Electron Microscopy (EM), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nucleic acid hybridization. Vaccination primary strategy prevent High level pregnant achieved through live attenuated inactivated vaccines when administered at late stage pregnancy. human, two currently RV5 vaccine (USA) RV1 (Belgium) types.